Freeman, Michael J. The Bronze Coinage of Great Britain Barrie and Jenkins, 1985
Jacobs, Norman, Ph.D. and Cornelius C. Vermeule III, Ph.D. Japanese Coinage Numismatic Review, 1972
Fuld's rarity scale for Civil War tokens
Freeman, Michael J. The Bronze Coinage of Great Britain Barrie and Jenkins, 1985
| Symbol | Number of Pieces |
|---|---|
| R20 | Believed unique |
| R19 | 2-5 |
| R18 | 6-15 |
| R17 | 16-50 |
| R16 | 51-100 |
| R15 | 101-250 |
| R14 | 251-500 |
| R13 | 501-1,000 |
| R12 | 1,001-2,000 |
| R11 | 2,001-3,500 |
| R10 | 3,501-7,000 |
| R9 | 7,001-12,000 |
| R8 | 12,001-20,000 |
| R7 | 20,001-30,000 |
| R6 | 30,001-50,000 |
| R5 | 50,001-100,000 |
| R4 | 100,001-200,000 |
| R3 | 200,001-350,000 |
| R2 | 350,001-650,000 |
| R | 650,000-1 million |
| N | 1-2 million |
| C | 2-3 million |
| C2 | 3-5 million |
| C3 | 5-6 million |
| C4 | 6-7½ million |
| C5 | 7½-10 million |
| C6 | 10-12½ million |
| C7 | 12½-15 million |
| C8 | 15-17½ million |
| C9 | 17½-20 million |
| C10 | 20-25 million |
| C11 | 25-30 million |
| C12 | 30-35 million |
| C13 | 35-40 million |
| C14 | 40-45 million |
| C15 | 45-50 million |
| C16 | 50-60 million |
| C17 | 60-75 million |
| C18 | 75-100 million |
| C19 | 100-150 million |
| C20 | over 150 million |
| Symbol | Number of Pieces |
|---|---|
| R-8 | Unique or Nearly Unique (Several) |
| R-7 | Extremely Rare (Few Tens) |
| R-6 | Very Rare (Several Hundred) |
| R-5 | Rare (Several Thousands) |
| R-4 | Very Scarce (Tens of Thousands) |
| R-3 | Scarce (Hundreds of Thousands) |
| R-2 | Not so Common (Several Millions) |
| R-1 | Common (Tens of Millions) |
| Symbol | Description |
|---|---|
| ER (Extremely Rare) | Highest rarity or less than a dozen in existence. Most of these are in museums or private collections so that for all practical purposes they are not obtainable in the general market, regardless of price. |
| VR (Very Rare) | Less than 100 in existence and/or coins that are seldom available on demand in the market regardless of price; and when they are available they command heavy premiums. |
| R (Rare) | Coins that are not always available on demand in the market even from the more important dealers; and when they are available command considerable premiums. |
| VS (Very Scarce) | Coins that normally are available from most dealers (in Japan anyway) upon demand at ample premiums, but which are in very short supply in relation to others in the same type or date series. |
| S (Scarce) | Coins that usually offer no difficulty in locating at moderate premiums, but which are in short supply in relation to others in the same type or date series. |
| Symbol | Description |
|---|---|
| R1 | Very Common - more than 5,000 estimated to exist |
| R2 | Common - 2,000 to 4,999 estimated to exist |
| R3 | 500 to 1,999 estimated to exist |
| R4 | 200 to 499 estimated to exist |
| R5 | Scarce - 75 to 199 estimated to exist |
| R6 | Very Scarce - 20 to 74 estimated to exist |
| R7 | Rare - 10 to 19 estimated to exist |
| R8 | Very Rare - 5 to 9 estimated to exist |
| R9 | Extremely Rare - 2 to 4 estimated to exist |
| R10 | Unique - only one estimated to exist |